Refinery throughput measures the volume of crude oil processed by refineries over specific time periods, typically expressed in barrels per day. Throughput data indicates refinery capacity utilization, product demand patterns, and regional processing activity. Changes in throughput affect crude oil demand and refined product supply levels.

Refinery throughput varies seasonally with product demand patterns, maintenance schedules, and economic conditions. High throughput indicates strong product demand and profitable refining margins, while reduced throughput may signal weak demand or poor economics. Understanding throughput trends helps assess oil market balances and refining sector health.

Real-world example: U.S. refinery throughput increases to 16.5 million barrels per day during summer driving season from 15.2 million in winter, reflecting seasonal gasoline demand increases and improved refining margins that encourage maximum processing rates.